Malinga ndi bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organisation la United Nations, anthu osachepera 2 biliyoni amadalira tizilombo kuti apeze chakudya. Ngakhale zili choncho, ziwala zokazinga zimakhalabe zovuta kuzipeza m’mayiko a Kumadzulo.
Tizilombo ndi chakudya chokhazikika, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mapuloteni. Choncho asayansi akupanga njira zopangira tizilombo kuti tizimva kukoma.
Ofufuza aku Korea posachedwapa adachitapo kanthu, ndikupanga mawonekedwe abwino a "nyama" pophika mphutsi za mphutsi (Tenebrio molitor) mu shuga. Malinga ndi zomwe atolankhani atulutsa, asayansi akukhulupirira kuti nyongolotsi za chakudya "tsiku lina zitha kukhala magwero okoma a mapuloteni owonjezera m'zakudya zosinthidwa."
Mu phunziroli, wofufuza wotsogolera In-hee Cho, pulofesa mu Dipatimenti ya Food Science ndi Biotechnology pa yunivesite ya Wonkwang ku South Korea, adatsogolera gulu la asayansi kuyerekeza fungo la mphutsi za chakudya m'moyo wawo wonse.
Ofufuzawo anapeza kuti siteji iliyonse—dzira, mphutsi, pupa, wamkulu—imatulutsa fungo. Mwachitsanzo, mphutsi zaiwisi zimatulutsa “fungo labwino la nthaka yonyowa, nsomba, ndi chimanga chotsekemera.”
Kenako asayansiwo anayerekezera kukoma kwa mphutsi zophikira m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Kukazinga nyongolotsi mumafuta kumapanga zinthu zokometsera kuphatikiza ma pyrazines, ma alcohols ndi aldehydes (organic compounds) omwe amafanana ndi omwe amapangidwa pophika nyama ndi nsomba.
Mmodzi wa gulu lofufuza ndiye anayeza mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yopangira ndi kuchuluka kwa mphutsi za ufa ndi shuga. Izi zimapanga zokometsera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatuluka pamene mapuloteni ndi shuga zimatenthedwa. Gululo linawonetsa zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana ku gulu la anthu odzipereka, omwe anapereka maganizo awo kuti ndi nyama iti yomwe inalawa kwambiri 'nyama'.
Khumi anachita oonetsera anasankhidwa. Kuchuluka kwa ufa wa adyo mu kachitidwe kameneka kamakhala kosangalatsa. Kuchulukira kwa methionine muzomwe zimapangidwira, m'pamenenso zimasokoneza kwambiri.
Ofufuzawa adati akukonzekera kupitiriza kuphunzira za zotsatira za kuphika pa nyongolotsi za chakudya kuti achepetse kukoma kosayenera.
Cassandra Maja, wophunzira wa PhD mu Dipatimenti ya Nutrition, Exercise and Physical Education ku yunivesite ya Copenhagen yemwe sanachite nawo phunziro latsopanoli, adati kafukufuku wamtunduwu ndi wofunikira kwambiri kuti apeze momwe angakonzekerere mphutsi za chakudya kuti zikope anthu ambiri.
"Tangoganizani mukuyenda m'chipinda ndikupeza kuti wina waphika makeke a chokoleti. Fungo lokopa likhoza kuonjezera kuvomerezeka kwa chakudya. Kuti tizilombo tifalikire, tifunika kukopa mphamvu zonse: mmene timapangira, fungo, ndi kakomedwe kake.”
- Cassandra Maja, PhD, Wofufuza, Dipatimenti ya Nutrition, Exercise and Physical Education, University of Copenhagen.
Malinga ndi kunena kwa World Population Fact Sheet, chiŵerengero cha anthu padziko lonse chikuyembekezeka kufika pa 9.7 biliyoni podzafika 2050. Amenewo ndiwo anthu ambiri oti adyetse.
"Kukhazikika ndikuyendetsa kwakukulu kwa kafukufuku wa tizilombo todyedwa," adatero Maya. "Tiyenera kufufuza njira zina zamapuloteni kuti tidyetse anthu omwe akukula ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika pazakudya zathu zamakono." Amafuna chuma chochepa kusiyana ndi ulimi wa ziweto.
Kafukufuku wa 2012 adapeza kuti kupanga 1 kilogalamu ya mapuloteni a tizilombo kumafuna malo ocheperapo kawiri mpaka 10 kuposa kupanga 1 kilogalamu ya mapuloteni kuchokera ku nkhumba kapena ng'ombe.
Malipoti ofufuza a Mealworm kuchokera ku 2015 ndi 2017 akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa madzi, kapena kuchuluka kwa madzi atsopano, pa toni imodzi ya nyongolotsi zodyedwa zomwe zimapangidwa ndizomwe zimapangidwira nkhuku komanso zocheperako nthawi 3.5 kuposa za ng'ombe.
Mofananamo, kafukufuku wina wa 2010 anapeza kuti nyongolotsi za chakudya zimatulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi ammonia kusiyana ndi ziweto wamba.
"Zochita zamakono zaulimi zikuwononga kale chilengedwe chathu," atero a Changqi Liu, pulofesa wothandizira komanso wophunzira waukadaulo ku School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences ku College of Health and Human Services ku San Diego State University, yemwe sanachitepo kanthu. mu phunziro latsopano.
"Tiyenera kupeza njira zokhazikika zopezera chakudya chathu. Ndikuganiza kuti gwero lina, lokhazikika la mapuloteni ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pothana ndi mavutowa. ”
- Changqi Liu, Pulofesa Wothandizira, Sukulu Yolimbitsa Thupi ndi Sayansi Yazakudya, San Diego State University
"Kupatsa thanzi kwa nyongolotsi za chakudya kumatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe amapangira (yaiwisi kapena youma), kakulidwe kake, ngakhale zakudya, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri ofanana ndi nyama wamba," adatero.
M'malo mwake, kafukufuku wa 2017 akuwonetsa kuti nyongolotsi za chakudya zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri a polyunsaturated (PUFAs), mtundu wamafuta athanzi omwe amadziwika kuti ndi gwero la zinc ndi niacin, komanso magnesium ndi pyridoxine, nyukiliya flavin, folate, ndi vitamini B-12. .
Dr. Liu adati akufuna kuwona maphunziro ochulukirapo ngati omwe amaperekedwa ku ACS, omwe amafotokoza za kukoma kwa nyongolotsi za chakudya.
"Pali zinthu zomwe zimadana kale ndi zolepheretsa zomwe zimalepheretsa anthu kudya tizilombo. Ndikuganiza kuti kumvetsetsa kukoma kwa tizilombo ndikofunikira kwambiri popanga zinthu zovomerezeka kwa ogula. ”
Maya akuvomereza kuti: "Tiyenera kupitiriza kufufuza njira zowonjezera kuvomereza ndi kuphatikizika kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mphutsi za chakudya m'zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku," akutero.
"Tikufuna malamulo oyenera kuti tizilombo todyedwa tizikhala zotetezeka kwa aliyense. Kuti nyongolotsi zigwire ntchito yawo, anthu amafunikira kuzidya. ”
- Cassandra Maja, PhD, Wofufuza, Dipatimenti ya Nutrition, Exercise and Physical Education, University of Copenhagen.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-24-2024