Ngokutsho kwe-Food and Agriculture Organization yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, ubuncinane abantu abazibhiliyoni ezi-2 baxhomekeke kwizinambuzane ngokutya. Phezu kwako nje oku, kusenzima ukufumana iintethe ezigcadiweyo kumazwe aseNtshona.
Izinambuzane zingumthombo wokutya ozinzileyo, odla ngokutyeba kwiprotheyini. Ngoko izazinzulu zivelisa iindlela zokwenza izinambuzane zibe nencasa ngakumbi.
Abaphandi baseKorea basandul 'ukuthatha inyathelo eliya phambili, bephuhlisa "inyama" epheleleyo ngokupheka imibungu ye- mealworm (i-Tenebrio molitor) kwiswekile. Ngokutsho kwengxelo yeendaba, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba iintshulube zokutya “zinokuthi ngenye imini zibe ngumthombo onencasa weprotein eyongezelelekileyo ekutyeni okugayiweyo.”
Kwisifundo, umphandi okhokelayo u-In-hee Cho, unjingalwazi kwiSebe leSayensi yoKutya kunye ne-Biotechnology kwiYunivesithi yaseWonkwang eMzantsi Korea, ukhokele iqela lezenzululwazi ukuba liqhathanise ivumba leentshulube zokutya kulo lonke umjikelezo wobomi babo.
Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba isigaba ngasinye-iqanda, umbungu, i-pupa, umntu omdala-ukhupha ivumba. Ngokomzekelo, imibungu ekrwada ikhupha “ivumba lomhlaba omanzi, ishrimps, nombona oswiti.”
Izazinzulu ke zathelekisa incasa eziveliswa kukupheka imibungu ye mealworm ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqhotsa iintshulube kwioyile kuvelisa iikhompawundi zencasa eziquka iipyrazines, alcohols kunye nealdehydes (organic compounds) ezifana nezo ziveliswayo xa kuphekwa inyama kunye nokutya kwaselwandle.
Ilungu leqela lophando liye lavavanya iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemveliso kunye nomlinganiselo womgubo weentshulube kunye neswekile. Oku kudala iincasa ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo ezivelayo xa iprotein kunye neswekile zifudunyezwa. Iqela emva koko labonisa iisampulu ezahlukeneyo kwiqela lamavolontiya, abathe banika izimvo zabo malunga nokuba yeyiphi isampulu enencasa eyona 'nyama'.
Iincasa ezilishumi zokusabela zikhethiwe. Okukhona uphezulu isiqulatho somgubo wegalikhi kwincasa yokusabela, kokukhona umlinganiselo ulungile. Okukhona uphezulu umxholo we-methionine kwincasa yokusabela, kokukhona ukulinganisa okungalunganga.
Abaphandi bathi baceba ukuqhubeka nokufunda iziphumo zokupheka kwiintshulube zokutya ukunciphisa incasa engathandekiyo.
UCassandra Maja, umfundi we-PhD kwiSebe leZondlo, uMzobo kunye neMzimba kwiYunivesithi yaseCopenhagen owayengabandakanyekanga kwisifundo esitsha, uthe olu hlobo lophando lubalulekile ekucingeni indlela yokulungisa iintshulube zokutya ukubhenela abantu abaninzi.
“Khawube nomfanekiso wakho ungena egumbini ufumanise ukuba kukho umntu ogqiba kubhaka amaqebengwana etshokholethi. Ivumba elihendayo linokunyusa ukwamkeleka kokutya. Ukuze izinambuzane zisasazeke ngokubanzi, zimele zibe nomtsalane kuzo zonke izivamvo: indlela ekwenziwa ngayo izinto, ivumba nencasa.”
-Cassandra Maja, PhD, uPhando loPhando, iSebe lezondlo, uMzobo kunye neMfundo yeMzimba, iYunivesithi yaseCopenhagen.
Ngokutsho kweWorld Population Fact Sheet, abemi behlabathi kulindeleke ukuba bafikelele kwi-9.7 yeebhiliyoni ngowama-2050. Baninzi abantu abafanele bondle abo.
"Uzinzo ngumqhubi omkhulu wophando lwezinambuzane ezidliwayo," watsho uMaya. "Kufuneka sijonge ezinye iiproteni ukondla abantu abakhulayo kwaye sinciphise uxinzelelo kwiinkqubo zethu zokutya ezikhoyo." Bafuna izibonelelo ezimbalwa kunezolimo zezilwanyana eziqhelekileyo.
Uphando lwe-2012 lufumene ukuba ukuvelisa i-kilogram ye-protein yezinambuzane kufuna amaxesha amabini ukuya kwi-10 ngaphantsi komhlaba wokulima kunokuvelisa i-kilogram ye-protein kwiihagu okanye iinkomo.
Iingxelo zophando lwe-Mealworm ezivela kwi-2015 kunye ne-2017 zibonisa ukuba unyawo lwamanzi, okanye ubungakanani bamanzi ahlambulukileyo, ngetoni nganye yeentshulube ezidliwayo eziveliswayo zifaniswa nenkukhu kunye namaxesha angama-3.5 ngaphantsi kwenyama yenkomo.
Ngokufanayo, olunye uphando luka-2010 lufumene ukuba iintshulube zokutya zivelisa iigesi ezincinci ze-greenhouse kunye ne-ammonia kunemfuyo yesiqhelo.
“Imisebenzi yale mihla yezolimo sele inefuthe elibi kwindalo esingqongileyo,” utshilo uChangqi Liu, unjingalwazi kunye nongumfundi wezifundo zobuGqirha kwiSikolo soMthambo kunye neSayensi yeZondlo kwiKholeji yezeMpilo kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu kwiYunivesithi yaseSan Diego State, owayengabandakanyekanga. kwisifundo esitsha.
“Kufuneka sifumane iindlela ezizinzileyo zokuhlangabezana neemfuno zethu zokutya. Ndicinga ukuba le ngenye indlela, umthombo ozinzileyo weprotheyini yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesisombululo kwezi ngxaki. ”
– uChangqi Liu, uNjingalwazi oNxibeleleyo, iSikolo sokuSebenza kunye neSayensi yeSondlo, kwiYunivesithi yaseSan Diego State
"Ixabiso lesondlo seentshulube zokutya linokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela ezicutshungulwa ngayo (eluhlaza okanye eyomileyo), inqanaba lophuhliso, kunye nokutya, kodwa ngokubanzi ziqulethe iprotheyini esemgangathweni ophezulu xa kuthelekiswa nenyama eqhelekileyo," watsho.
Enyanisweni, uphando luka-2017 lubonisa ukuba iintshulube zokutya zizityebi kwi-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), uhlobo lwamafutha anempilo ahlelwe njengomthombo we-zinc kunye ne-niacin, kunye ne-magnesium kunye ne-pyridoxine, i-nuclear flavin, i-folate, kunye ne-vitamin B-12. .
UGqr. Liu uthe angathanda ukubona amaphononongo amaninzi afana nalawo aboniswe kwi-ACS, echaza incasa yeprofayili yeentshulube zokutya.
"Sele kukho izinto ezingathandekiyo kunye nezithintelo ezithintela abantu ekutyeni izinambuzane. Ndicinga ukuba ukuqonda incasa yezinambuzane kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni iimveliso ezamkelekileyo kubathengi.”
UMaya uyavuma: “Kufuneka siqhubeke siphonononga iindlela zokuphucula ukwamkeleka kunye nokubandakanywa kwezinambuzane ezinjengeentshulube zokutya ekutyeni kwemihla ngemihla,” utshilo.
“Sidinga imithetho eyiyo ukwenza izinambuzane ezityiwayo zikhuseleke kumntu wonke. Ukuze iintshulube zenze umsebenzi wazo, abantu kufuneka bazitye. ”
-Cassandra Maja, PhD, uPhando loPhando, iSebe lezondlo, uMzobo kunye neMfundo yeMzimba, iYunivesithi yaseCopenhagen.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-24-2024